Purpose: This article describes how to scan slides properly. We use the Nikon Super Coolscan 5000ED for scanning 35mm slides, 35mm negative strips, APS / IX240 film cartridges. The Epson Perfection 4870 Photo flatbed scanner is used for scanning odd slides (larger or smaller than 35mm ones, negatives that do not fit the Nikon scanner, etc.

We have a Nikon Super Coolscan 5000ED with a SF-210 bulk slide feeder. This is a slide/film scanner. The scanner uses 4 different software algorithms that perfect the quality of the scanned item. The scanner operates at up to 4000 dpi.

About slides:

Slides are 35mm positive film mounted in cardboard (typically) or plastic frames. The actual exposed (not covered by the frame) film measures 36X24 mm. Slides have two surfaces, an emulsion and base surface. The emulsion surface is often slightly textured. On some of the larger slides, the texture is almost unnoticable. The base side of the slide is the smooth plastic slide.

The emulsion side:

When a slide is projected on a screen, the emulsion side is the side that faces the screen.
The manufactures name is often, but not guaranteed, on the emulsion side. Kodak often does this.
sometimes this side of the slide says "this side toward screen". Black's often does this.
Printing such as "project from this side" or "view from this side" is printed on the non-emulsion side
This is the textured surface of the slide.
The base of the film is the shiny side and the emulsion side is the dull side.

The base side:

This is the smooth side of the slide.
Looking from this side, you will see the image correctly. ie. Any words will be readable and not backward.

What size to scan:

Scanning at 4000 dpi produces the following :

A 12 X 8 inch print at 472 dpi (240 to 300 dpi is reasonable for a quality photo)
A 24.00 x 16.00 inches (609.6 x 406.4 mm) at 236 dpi (93 pixels/cm)
5669 X 3779 pixel image is 21.43 million pixels

Using the Nikon scanner here's some file format and size information at 4000 dpi and createing a photo quality print at 250 to 300 dpi:

tif, 16 bit depth - 131MB, 285 dpi, 14 X 20 inch print
tif, 8 bit depth - 65MB, 285 dpi, 14 X 20 inch print
jpg, Excellent quality - 23MB
jpg, High Quality - 3.7MB
jpg, Balance (between quality and compression) - 1.2MB
jpg, Good compression - 0.85MB
jpg, High compression - 0.35MB

Tif is a lossless compression whereas jpg is lossy compression, which basically means that when the image is compressed in jpg, part of the image is forever lost. Each time a jpg is saved again more is lost.

Warning Using the Nikon Scanner (i.e. do not....)

Before using the scanner, read the documentation in the downloads\nikon folder for the SF-210 usage.

DO NOT.....

use slides with heavily warped mounts
mounts that are peeling or burred edges
mounts with labels or uneven surfaces
insert slides with the long side of the image standing up

Tips using the Nikon Scan 4.0 software

Turn on scanner first, then open the software (the other way works but an error pops up, etc.)
Frozen windows! There are 3 windows in the scan software: main, progress window, tool palette. Sometimes accessing the tool palette or the main window cannot be selected. This can be resolved by selecting or closing the progress window. Then any of the other windows can be selected.
Scanned files can be saved in tiff, jpeg, or bmp (or neg...Nikon's format). I had trouble trying to save the file in other than tif until I found that jpeg can only be saved if the "bit depth" is 8 and not 16. If the bit depth is 16, the program overrides your jpeg choice and saves it in tif. "bit depth" can be changed in the tool palette, under scanner extras, under pixel data size (or scanner/bit depth).
Batch scanning: Under the tool palette, under scanner extras, is slide feeder scan which allows changing of number of slides scanned in a batch. If this is changed to more than one, extra batch scanning windows pop up when the green scan button is hit. One CRITICAL window is the "File Saving Options" window that I can only find under the batch process. This window has file name prefix, the directory path to save the batch in, and the file format and compression settings. This window only seems to appear during the batch operation. Single slide operation seems to save to a different directory that is defined under preferences.

Scanning the Slide in Batch mode (using the Nikon Super Coolscan and the SF-210 adaptor):

Push power button to turn unit on
Unit is connected to Apollo.
Open Nikon Scan 4 software.
Place slides in hopper with the long side of image horizontal, and the emulsion side facing the push plate, and the image right side up.
Batch scanning (using the SF-210) can be done up to 50 (or more...arrow in the base of the hopper indicates when full) slides at a time.
Under edit/preferences save files, one can set the file type to save as; either tif, jpeg, bmp, or Nikon's own neg (this option is for single scans only...with or without the SF210).
If selecting jpeg make sure the bit depth is 8 instead of 16.
Then under the tool palette set the number of slides to scan.
Set the number of slides to be scanned near the bottom of the "Tool Palette 1" window...set to 99 for many.
Check the framing of the slide by clicking the Preview button.
After the preview appears in the preview window, adjust the crop lines...these will stay the same for the whole batch
Then hit the green scan button and all the slides will be scanned and saved. a) When scanning more than one, the batch scan window will pop up b) Set the prefix or suffix of the name, the start count, the save directory, and the save file type for the batch.

Scanning the Slide in NON-Batch mode (using the Nikon Super Coolscan):

Push power button to turn unit on
Unit is connected to Apollo.
Open Nikon Scan 4 software.
Place the slide in scanner's slot with the long side of image parallel to the sides of the scanner , and the emulsion side facing down, and the top of the image on the right-hand side.
Under edit/preferences save files, one can set the file type to save as; either tif, jpeg, bmp, or Nikon's own neg (this option is for single scans only).
If selecting jpeg make sure the bit depth is 8 instead of 16.
Check the framing of the slide by clicking the Preview button.
After the preview appears in the preview window, adjust the crop lines...these will stay the same for any subsequent scans until the crop lines are adjusted manually again.
Then hit the green scan button and the slide will be scanned and displayed in the window.
You can save the current scanned slide by selecting the image and going to File and Save As. Saving can be done after each slide is scanned or after multiple slides have been scanned...if multiple scans have been done, and none saved, you have to select and save each image individually.

Further references for operating the Coolscan:

Check out: http://www.discoverlife.org/ed/tg/Web_and_Office_Support/Nikon.html#start

Scanning the Slide (using the Epson 4870 flatbed scanner):

Remove the cover on the bottom side of the lid.
Make sure the scanning software is set to the positive film mode and document mode.
Also, make sure the DPI is set for slides....ie. 1200 or 2400 or ???
Find the appropriate black frame for the slide size and place correctly on the scanner bed. If the slide is a large format, use the frame that is too big and just place the slide(s) within the frame.
Place the slides with emulsion side up (or base side down).

Time Estimates for Scanning Slides Using the Nikon Scanner

1.5 minutes per slide at 4000 dpi
High quality jpg: 4.9MB per slide
35 minutes to process a sheet of slides (20) (these are the plastic 8.5 X 11 loose leaf binder sheets)

Time Estimates for Scanning Slides Using the Epson Scanner

Mini slides: 4 minutes per slide at 3200 dpi, plus setup, plus preview, plus cropping previews (very difficult due to size of image)

Further resources

Check out a website url: www.scantips.com for lots of information.
The above noted website has a handy calculator for calculating print size, scan size, etc: www.scantips.com/calc.html
Lots of information about scanning. Info about Kodachrome scanning. http://www.filmscanner.info/en/KnowHow.html
Amazingly detailed review of the Nikon scanner: http://www.filmscanner.info/en/NikonSuperCoolscan5000ED.html
Colour depth is a topic that keeps coming up. Our Nikon scanner scans in 8 or 16 bits....this translates to a colour depth of 24 or 48bits (RGB....8 or 16 bot for each colour). Here's an article (in German) that does a great job of discussing colour depth (the Nikon scanner scans at 48bit depth only for 16bit TIF's): http://www.filmscanner.info/Farbtiefe.html